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		<title>Sigmoid function</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/sigmoid-function/</link>
		<comments>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/sigmoid-function/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2009 21:19:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithms.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[My programs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parts of Code]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Neural network]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sigmoid function]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Googled it out lately: class Calc { public static double sigmoid(double x) { return (1/( 1 + Math.pow(Math.E,(-1*x)))) } } For example, let’s say you have 18 and 8. You subtract 8 from 18 and get ten and pass it to the Sigmoid function. You’re returned with 0.9999546021312976. If you had a difference of 0 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=179&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Googled it out lately:</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#333399;"><strong><code>class</code></strong> <code>Calc {</code></span></p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><span style="color:#333399;"><strong><code>public</code> <code>static</code> <code>double</code></strong> <code>sigmoid(</code><strong><code>double</code></strong> <code>x) {</code></span></p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><span style="color:#333399;"><strong><code>return</code></strong> <code>(</code><code>1</code><code>/( </code><code>1</code> <code>+ Math.pow(Math.E,(-</code><code>1</code><code>*x))))</code></span></p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><span style="color:#333399;">}</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#333399;">}</span></p>
<p><em>For example, let’s say you have 18 and 8. You subtract 8 from 18 and get ten and pass it to the Sigmoid function. You’re returned with 0.9999546021312976. If you had a difference of 0 though, you would get .50 and if you had a negative difference, like -18, get a really tiny number that’s bigger than 0. So in short, the Sigmoid function is easy and quite interesting.</em></p>
<p>I just passed my <strong>E = X1W2 + X2W2 + &#8230; + X3W3 + W0</strong> there.</p>
<p>Here is the <a href="http://ryan.ifupdown.com/2009/02/18/sigmoid-function-in-java/">original source</a>, Thanks to the author.</p>
<p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> I really dont know, will it work or not. I made a class, which &#8211; yes, produces something. The question is &#8211; will it work in a neural network.</p>
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		<title>Neural network I</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/neural-network-i/</link>
		<comments>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/neural-network-i/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Dec 2009 11:17:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brainsnack.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Self-reminder Goodies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Newral network concepts]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Input: X; Weight: W; Activation: A; A = X1W1 + X2W2 + X3W3 + &#8230; + XnWn. If (A &#62;= someThreshold) { //Output 1 } Else { //Nothing } someThreshold - simple step, any valid curve function, etc.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=176&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Input:</strong> X;</p>
<p><strong>Weight: </strong>W;</p>
<p><strong>Activation: </strong>A;</p>
<p>A = X1W1 + X2W2 + X3W3 + &#8230; + XnWn.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><strong>If</strong> (A<strong> </strong>&gt;= <em>someThreshold</em>) { <span style="color:#808080;">//Output 1</span> }</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><strong>Else </strong>{ <span style="color:#808080;">//Nothing</span> }</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">
<p><em>someThreshold -</em> simple step, any valid curve function, etc.</p>
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		<title>И тут многое стало намного понятней</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/%d0%b8-%d1%82%d1%83%d1%82-%d0%bc%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b9/</link>
		<comments>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/%d0%b8-%d1%82%d1%83%d1%82-%d0%bc%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b9/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Dec 2009 10:59:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brainsnack.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parts of Code]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[loop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sigma solved]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[summation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://amuhb.wordpress.com/?p=172</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Scary way: Easy way: double activation = 0; for (int i=0;  i&#60;n;  i++) { activation += x[i] * w[i]; }<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=172&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Scary way:</strong></span></p>
<p><img class="alignnone" style="border:1px solid black;background:black;" title="Scary way" src="http://www.ai-junkie.com/ann/evolved/images/equation2.gif" alt="" width="117" height="71" /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">Easy way:</span></strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#333333;"><strong>double</strong> <em><span style="color:#993300;">activation</span></em> = <span style="color:#000080;">0</span>;</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#333333;"><strong>for </strong>(int i=0;  i&lt;n;  i++)</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#333333;">{ <em>activation</em> += x[i]  * w[i]; }</span></p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">amuhb</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Scary way</media:title>
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		<title>Genetic Algorithm overview (bullet-point style)</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/genetic-algorithm-overview-bullet-poin-style/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Dec 2009 09:05:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithms.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Генетический алгоритм]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetic algorithm]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithms is a part of the evolutionary computing. A set of given problem solutions (chromosomes, containers of certain data) form a population; According to their &#8216;fitness&#8217;, certain best chromosomes are taken from the population to produce an offspring, which would form a second generation of population (involving Crossover, Mutation, and Elitism); Elitism &#8211; copying [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=164&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#008000;">Genetic Algorithms is a part of the evolutionary computing.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#008000;"><br />
</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>A set of given problem solutions (<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>chromosomes</strong></span>, containers of certain data) form a population;</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>According to their &#8216;fitness&#8217;, certain best chromosomes are taken from the population to produce an <span style="color:#800080;"><strong>offspring</strong></span>, which would form a second generation of population (involving <strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">Crossover</span></strong>, <strong><span style="color:#808000;">Mutation</span></strong>, and<span style="color:#800000;"><strong> Elitism</strong></span>);</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#800000;"><strong>Elitism</strong></span> &#8211; copying a few &#8216;best&#8217; chromosomes into the next generation of population. Crucial for transforming information about<em> best option found so far</em> to the next generation, and eventually &#8211; find the best possible solution to a given problem.</li>
</ul>
<p><span id="more-164"></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Chromosomes</span></strong> &#8211; abstract information carriers. Should, in some way, contain information about solution which they represent. Most used way of containing information is the <strong>binary string</strong>, but other ways are used as well, depending on the nature of the given problem:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Binary encoding</strong> &#8211; chromosome is carrying string of bits;</li>
<li><strong>Permutation </strong>- string of numbers is used;</li>
<li><strong>Value</strong> &#8211; String of some values;</li>
<li><strong>Tree</strong> &#8211; used in genetic programming, where each chromosome is a tree of some objects. Good for evolving programs.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Types of Crossover:</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><span style="color:#000000;">Single point:</span><br />
</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<address><strong>Generation 1:</strong> <span style="color:#0000ff;">Chromosome1_code</span>;  <span style="color:#ff6600;">Chromosome2_code;</span></address>
<address><strong>Generation 2:</strong> <span style="color:#0000ff;">Offspring1</span><span style="color:#ff6600;">_code</span>;  <span style="color:#ff6600;">Offspring2</span><span style="color:#0000ff;"><span style="color:#ff6600;">_</span>code</span>; + <strong><span style="color:#808000;">random mutation</span></strong>.</address>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">
<ul>
<li><strong>Two-Point:</strong></li>
</ul>
<address><strong>Generation 1:</strong> <span style="color:#0000ff;">Chromosome1_code</span>;  <span style="color:#ff6600;">Chromosome2_code;</span></address>
<address><strong>Generation 2:</strong> <span style="color:#0000ff;">Offs</span><span style="color:#ff6600;">pring1</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">_code</span>;  <span style="color:#ff6600;">Offs</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">pring2</span><span style="color:#ff6600;">_code</span>; + <strong>random mutation</strong>.</address>
<p style="text-align:left;padding-left:90px;">
<ul>
<li><strong>Uniform:</strong></li>
</ul>
<address><strong>Random</strong> mixing of chromosomes parts;</address>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">
<ul>
<li><strong>Arithmetic:</strong></li>
</ul>
<address><strong>Some operations </strong>performed prior to offspring formation;</address>
<p><span style="color:#808080;"><strong>Note: </strong>Crossover is made in hope that the new generation will be better than the previous.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#808080;"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#808000;"><strong>Mutati<span style="color:#808000;">on</span></strong></span><span style="color:#808000;">:</span></p>
<p>Random altering of some data contained in the <strong><span style="color:#800080;">offspring</span></strong> chromosome. Should be present, but not occur too often (otherwise the evolution pattern through generations would be blurred, or even lost).</p>
<p><strong>Types of mutation:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Some bits get inverted;</li>
<li>Order of bits (or other data type) is changed;</li>
<li>Addition of data take place;</li>
<li>Changing nodes (in tree encoding).</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color:#808080;"><strong>Note:</strong> 100% mutation == inversion of data;</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#808080;"><br />
</span></p>
<p><strong>Methods of selection of the &#8216;fittest&#8221; chromosomes for further crossover:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Roulette selection:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Calculate the sum S of all chromosome fitnesses in the population (assuming that it is possible);</li>
<li>Distribute portions of S among chromosomes (e.g. divide sum of the population between its parts, according to their individual fitness);</li>
<li>Make a random selection between <strong>0 </strong>and <strong>S,</strong> and take chromosome, which owns the selected number.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>R</strong><strong>ank selection:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Rank the population (choosing <strong>N</strong> as the highest);</li>
<li>Distribute relative ranks between chromosomes (where <strong>1 </strong>is worst, and <strong>N</strong> is the best);</li>
<li>Used when chromosome fitness in the population is too uneven;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Steady-State selection:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Few chromosomes with &#8216;high fitness&#8217; selected, new <strong><span style="color:#800080;">offspring</span></strong> is created;</li>
<li>Some &#8216;weak&#8217; chromosomes are removed;</li>
<li>New offspring is placed on the place of removed chromosomes;</li>
<li>Population proceeds to the new generation;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For more information, <a href="http://www.obitko.com/tutorials/genetic-algorithms/ga-basic-description.php">check here</a>.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">amuhb</media:title>
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		<title>Генетический алгоритм (тривиальный)</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/%d0%b3%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b3%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%bc-%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9/</link>
		<comments>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/%d0%b3%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b3%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%bc-%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 11:29:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithms.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Генетический алгоритм]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Искусственный Интеллект]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://amuhb.wordpress.com/?p=157</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[# include &#60;iostream&#62; # include &#60;algorithm&#62; # include &#60;numeric&#62; int main() { using namespace std; srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); const int N = 1000; int a[N]; //заполняем нулями fill(a, a+N, 0); for (;;) { //мутация в случайную сторону каждого элемента: for (int i = 0; i &#60; N; ++i) if (rand()%2 == 1) a[i] += 1; else a[i] [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=157&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#008000;"># include &lt;iostream&gt;<br />
# include &lt;algorithm&gt;<br />
# include &lt;numeric&gt;</span></p>
<p><strong>int</strong> main()<br />
{<strong></strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>using namespace</strong> std;<br />
<strong>srand</strong>((unsigned)time(NULL));<br />
<strong>const int</strong> N = <span style="color:#0000ff;">1000</span>;<br />
<strong>int</strong> a[N];</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><span style="color:#808080;">//заполняем нулями</span><br />
<strong>fill</strong>(a, a+N, 0);<br />
<strong> </strong>for<strong> (;;)</strong><br />
{</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#808080;">//мутация в случайную сторону каждого элемента:</span><br />
<strong>for</strong> (int i = 0; i &lt; N; ++i)<strong></strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><strong>if</strong> (rand()%2 == 1)</p>
<p style="padding-left:120px;">a[i] += <span style="color:#0000ff;">1</span>;</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><strong>else</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:120px;">a[i] -=<span style="color:#0000ff;"> 1</span>;</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#808080;">//теперь выбираем лучших, отсортировав по возрастанию&#8230; </span><br />
<strong> sort</strong>(a, a+N);<br />
<span style="color:#808080;"> //&#8230; и тогда лучшие окажутся во второй половине массива.<br />
//скопируем лучших в первую половину, куда они оставили потомство, а первые умерли:</span><br />
<strong>copy</strong>(a+N/2, a+N,    a /*куда*/);<br />
<span style="color:#808080;"> //теперь посмотрим на среднее состояние популяции. Как видим, оно всё лучше и лучше.</span><strong></strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><strong>cout</strong> &lt;&lt; accumulate(a, a+N, 0) / N &lt;&lt; endl;</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">}</p>
<p>}</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">amuhb</media:title>
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		<title>Backward chaining</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/backward-chaining/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 11:59:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brainsnack.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Backward chaining]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://amuhb.wordpress.com/?p=151</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method used in automated theorem provers, proof assistants and other artificial intelligence applications. suppose that the goal is to conclude the color of my pet Fritz, given that he croaks and eats flies, and that the rule base contains the following four rules: If X croaks and [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=151&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Backward chaining</strong> (or <strong>backward reasoning</strong>) is an inference method used in automated theorem provers, proof assistants and other artificial intelligence applications.</p>
<p>suppose that the goal is to conclude the color of my pet Fritz, given that he croaks and eats flies, and that the rule base contains the following four rules:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>If</strong> X croaks and eats flies – <strong>Then</strong> X is a frog</span></li>
<li><strong>If</strong> X chirps and sings – <strong>Then</strong> X is a canary</li>
<li><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>If</strong> X is a frog – <strong>Then</strong> X is green</span></li>
<li><strong>If</strong> X is a canary – <strong>Then</strong> X is yellow</li>
</ol>
<p>This rule base would be searched and the third and fourth rules would be selected, because their consequents (<span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Then</strong></span> <span style="color:#008000;">Fritz is green</span>, <strong>Then</strong> Fritz is yellow) match the goal (to determine Fritz&#8217;s color). It is not yet known that Fritz is a frog, so both the antecedents (<strong>If</strong> Fritz is a frog, <strong>If</strong> Fritz is a canary) are added to the goal list. The rule base is again searched and this time the first two rules are selected, because their consequents (<strong>Then</strong> X is a frog, <strong>Then</strong> X is a canary) match the new goals that were just added to the list. The antecedent (<span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>If</strong> Fritz croaks and eats flies</span>) is known to be true and therefore it can be concluded that Fritz is a frog, and not a canary. The goal of determining Fritz&#8217;s color is now achieved (Fritz is green if he is a frog, and yellow if he is a canary, but he is a frog since he croaks and eats flies; therefore, Fritz is green).</p>
<p>The opposite of forward chaining is <a href="http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/forward-chaining/">forward chaining</a>.</p>
<p>View full <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_chaining">Wikipedia article</a>.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">amuhb</media:title>
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		<title>Forward chaining</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/forward-chaining/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 11:53:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brainsnack.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forward chaining]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://amuhb.wordpress.com/?p=148</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Forward chaining is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using inference rules (in artificial intelligence). suppose that the goal is to conclude the color of a pet named Fritz, given that he croaks and eats flies, and that the rule base contains the following four rules: If X croaks and eats flies [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=148&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Forward chaining</strong> is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using <em>inference rules</em> (in artificial intelligence).</p>
<p>suppose that the goal is to conclude the color of a pet named Fritz, given that he croaks and eats flies, and that the rule base contains the following four rules:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>If</strong> X croaks and eats flies &#8211; <strong>Then</strong> X is a frog</span></li>
<li><strong>If</strong> X chirps and sings &#8211; <strong>Then</strong> X is a canary</li>
<li><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>If</strong> X is a frog &#8211; <strong>Then</strong> X is green</span></li>
<li><strong>If</strong> X is a canary &#8211; <strong>Then</strong> X is yellow</li>
</ol>
<p>This rule base would be searched and the first rule would be selected, because its antecedent (<span style="color:#008000;"><strong>If</strong> Fritz croaks and eats flies</span>) matches our data. Now the consequents (<strong>Then</strong> X is a frog) is added to the data. The rule base is again searched and this time the third rule is selected, because its antecedent (<strong>If</strong> Fritz is a frog) matches our data that was just confirmed. Now the new consequent (<span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Then</strong> Fritz is green</span>) is added to our data. Nothing more can be inferred from this information, but we have now accomplished our goal of determining the color of Fritz.</p>
<p>The opposite of forward chaining is <a href="http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/backward-chaining/">backward chaining</a>.</p>
<p>View full <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_chaining">Wikipedia article</a>.</p>
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		<title>EMC Documentum Installation Steps Summary</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/emc-documentum-installation-steps-summary/</link>
		<comments>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/emc-documentum-installation-steps-summary/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:05:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other Technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Documentum installation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://amuhb.wordpress.com/?p=146</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Installation to Windows Server 2003. Following exact sequence is important for your own sake (otherwise Freddy is gonna come for you): Configure server (change name, password, etc); Install Service Pack 2; Install database &#8211; I prefer SQL Server 2005; Configure ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) on Windows Server; Install Content Server + Configure repository &#38; Dockbrocker; [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=146&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Installation to <strong>Windows Server 2003</strong>. Following exact sequence is important for your own sake (otherwise <strong>Freddy</strong> is gonna come for you):</p>
<ol>
<li>Configure server (change name, password, etc);</li>
<li>Install <strong>Service Pack 2;</strong></li>
<li>Install database &#8211; I prefer <strong>SQL Server 2005</strong>;</li>
<li>Configure <strong>ODBC</strong> (Open Database Connectivity) on Windows Server;</li>
<li>Install <strong>Content Server</strong> + Configure <strong>repository</strong> &amp; <strong>Dockbrocker</strong>;</li>
<li>Install<strong> JDK</strong>;</li>
<li>Install Application Server &#8211; I prefer <strong>Apache Tomcat</strong>;</li>
<li>Apply steps written in the <em>Deployment Guides</em> (yes, you need to read that ones) of <strong>Webtop</strong> and <strong>DA</strong> (Documentum Administrator). Then, deploy both.</li>
</ol>
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		<title>Дуализм человеческого мышления.</title>
		<link>http://amuhb.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bc-%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be-%d0%bc%d1%8b%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 05:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brainsnack.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[дуализм]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[логика]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[мышление]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Человеческое сознание использует два механизма мышления. Один из них позволяет работать с абстрактными цепочками символов, с текстами и т.п. Этот механизм мышления обычно называют символическим, алгебраическим или логическим. Второй механизм мышления обеспечивает работу с чувственными образами и представлениями об этих образах. Его называют образным, геометрическим, интуитивным и т.п. Физиологически логическое мышление связано с левым полушарием [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=143&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Человеческое сознание использует два механизма мышления. Один из них позволяет работать с абстрактными цепочками символов, с текстами и т.п. Этот механизм мышления обычно называют символическим, алгебраическим или <strong>логическим</strong>. Второй механизм мышления обеспечивает работу с чувственными образами и представлениями об этих образах. Его называют <strong>образным</strong>, геометрическим, интуитивным и т.п. Физиологически логическое мышление связано с <em>левым</em> полушарием человеческого мозга, а образное мышление &#8211; с<em> правым</em> полушарием.</p>
<p>Каждое из полушарий человеческого мозга является самостоятельной системой восприятия внешнего мира, переработки информации о нем и планирования поведения в этом мире. Левое полушарие представляет собой как бы большую и мощную ЭВМ, имеющую дело со знаками и процедурами их обработки.</p>
<p><span id="more-143"></span></p>
<p>Естественно-языковая речь, мышление словами, рационально-логические процедуры переработки информации и т.п. &#8211; все это реализуется именно в левом полушарии. В правом же полушарии реализуется мышление на уровне чувственных образов: эстетическое восприятие мира, музыка, живопись, ассоциативное узнавание, рождение принципиально новых идей и открытий и т.п. Весь тот сложный механизм образного мышления, который нередко определяют одним термином &#8220;интуиция&#8221;, и является правополушарной областью деятельности мозга.</p>
<p>Различие между двумя механизмами мышления можно проиллюстрировать принципами составления связного текста из отдельных элементов информации: левополушарное мышление из этих элементов создает однозначный контекст, т.е. из всех бесчисленных связей между предметами и явлениями оно активно выбирает только некоторые, наиболее существенные для данной конкретной задачи. Правополушарное же мышление создает многозначный контекст, благодаря одновременному схватыванию практически всех признаков и связей одного или многих явлений. Иными словами логико-знаковое мышление вносит в картину мира некоторую искусственность, тогда как образное мышление обеспечивает естественную непосредственность восприятия мира таким, каков он есть.</p>
<p>Человеческое мышление и человеческое поведение обусловлено совместной работой обоих полушарий человеческого мозга. В одних ситуациях преобладает логический компонент мышления, в других &#8211; интуитивный. По мнению психологов, все люди делятся на три группы: с преобладающим &#8220;левополушарным&#8221; мышлением, с &#8220;правополушарным&#8221;, со смешанным мышлением. Это разделение генетически предопределено, и существуют специальные тесты для определения склонности к тому или иному типу мышления.</p>
<p>Описанные выше фундаментальные различия между лево- и правополушарной стратегией переработки информации имеют прямое отношение к формированию различных способностей. Так, для научного творчества, т.е. для преодоления традиционных представлений, необходимо восприятие мира во всей его целостности, что предполагает развитие способностей к организации многозначного контекста (образного мышления). И действительно, существуют многочисленные наблюдения, что для людей, сохраняющих способности к образному мышлению, творческая деятельность менее утомительна, чем рутинная, монотонная работа. Люди же, не выработавшие способности к образному мышлению, нередко предпочитают выполнять механическую работу, причем она им не кажется скучной, поскольку они как бы &#8220;закрепощены&#8221; собственным формально-логическим мышлением. Отсюда ясно, как важно с ранних пор правильно строить воспитание и обучение, чтобы оба нужных человеку типа мышления развивались гармонично, чтобы образное мышление не оказалось скованным рассудочностью, чтобы не иссякал творческий потенциал человека.</p>
<p><span style="color:#000080;">В разработке интеллектуальных систем, как отмечает известный специалист в сфере искусственного интеллекта Д.А. Поспелов, имеет место &#8220;левополушарный крен&#8221;. </span>Еще в большей, по-видимому, степени такой &#8220;левополушарный крен&#8221; характерен и для современного образования, в том числе для используемых в нем компьютерных методов и средств. Явление это не такое уж безобидное. Опасность чрезмерной компьютеризации ныне видится не в том, что компьютеры вытеснят человека из сферы интеллектуальной деятельности, а в том, что человек, все более втягиваясь во взаимодействие с ЭВМ, станет мыслить как машина. Негативное влияние компьютеризации обучения, которое нередко отмечается преподавателями, во многом объясняется слабым воздействием используемых компьютерных систем на интуитивный, образный механизм мышления.</p>
<p>В связи с этим четкое выделение неявных, подсознательных компонент знания позволяет также четко ставить задачу их освоения, формулировать соответствующие требования к методам и средствам обучения, в том числе и к методам компьютерной графики.</p>
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		<title>More about Fuzzy Logic</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 19:44:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>amuhb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brainsnack.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fuzzy Logic]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[At the heart of Fuzzy Logic lies the concept of a linguistic variable. The values of the linguistic variable are words rather than numbers. Similar to expert systems, fuzzy systems use IF-THEN rules to incorporate human knowledge, but these rules are fuzzy, such as: IF speed is high, THEN stoppingDistance is long; IF speed is [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=amuhb.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10139871&amp;post=141&amp;subd=amuhb&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>At the heart of <strong>Fuzzy Logic</strong> lies the concept of a <em>linguistic variable</em>. The values of the linguistic variable are words rather than numbers. Similar to expert systems, fuzzy systems use <strong>IF-THEN</strong> rules to incorporate human knowledge, but these rules are <em>fuzzy</em>, such as:</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><strong>IF</strong> speed is <span style="color:#ff0000;">high</span>, <strong>THEN</strong> stoppingDistance is <span style="color:#0000ff;">long</span>;</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><strong>IF</strong> speed is <span style="color:#ff0000;">low</span>, <strong>THEN</strong> stoppingDistance is <span style="color:#0000ff;">short</span>;</p>
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